catastrophic expenditure definition

Downloadable! Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure: Evidence from ... Expenditures for medical services are considered financially catastrophic when they threaten a family's capability to make payments (Berki, Reference Berki 1986). Multivariate tobit and logistic regression were employed for catastrophic expenditure and OOP respectively. Catastrophic expenditure for health: from antiquity to today Estimates were sensitive to the definition of catastrophic expenditure and the costs of care. This may reflect Across all countries, we consistently find that the probability of incurring catastrophic payments is increasing with total household expenditure. Downloadable! Catastrophic Health Expenditure Estimates: A ... Health insurance (HI) is being considered a tool to achieve this goal. The variable on catastrophic health expenditure is constructed as a dummy variable with value 1 indicating a household with catastrophic expenditure, and 0 without catastrophic expenditure. We adopted the WHO definition which defines catastrophic expenditure as a household experiencing out-of-pocket health expenditure exceed 40% of a household’s ‘capacity to pay’. Social insurance in India at present covers only inpatient care and that too up to a certain amount of expenditure. catastrophic health spending as “the proportion of the popula - tion with large household expenditure on health as a share of total household expenditure or income.”9 Two thresholds are used to define large: 10% and 25%. The World Health Organization states that approximately 44 million households are exposed to catastrophic financial expenditure each year when 40% of non-subsistence income is considered [ 7 ]. household expenditure net of food spending) . Households with catastrophic expenditures and impoverished households were defined as those with health expenditures over 40% and 50% of their ability to pay, respectively. The World Health Organization proposes that health expenditure should be called catastrophic whenever it is greater than or equal to 40% of the disposable income. Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) (McIntyre et al., 2008d; Misra, Awasthi, Singh, Agarwal, & Kumar, 2013; Xu, 2003). analyses and definition of the interventions, treatments and other medical supplies - Prioritization of the disease Criteria for defining a disease that causes a catastrophic expenditure DEFINITION AND PRIORITIZATION OF DISEASES THAT CAUSE CATASTROPHIC EXPENSE 5 I. China has built a social medical insurance system that covers the entire population so as to reduce the impact of diseases on individuals and families. In other words, if the ratio of household health expenditures to the capacity to pay off is equal to 40% or above, the household experiences catastrophic health expenditures. This conclusion is not sensitive to the definition of catastrophic expenditures used; the same conclusion is reached when using the non-food definition. However, out-of-pocket spending and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) remain high. In literature, catastrophic expenditure is defined as that level of OOP health expenditure which exceeds some fixed proportion of household income or household's capacity to pay. Its highest value over the past 14 years was 0.500 in 2008, while its lowest value was 0.100 in 2003. A study of household catastrophic The catastrophic health expenditure health expenditure in Thailand in 2004 in the present study used the WHO found that some households still faced definition for catastrophic health expen- catastrophe and impoverishment (Lim- diture as household out-of-pocket health wattananon et al, 2007). While the budget share method has the virtue of simplicity, it has drawbacks.6 The level of catastrophic healthcare expenditure will be identified before the determinants of these catastrophic payments are analyzed. This study examined the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure; and, its determinants among Nigerian households. In literature, catastrophic expenditure is defined as that level of OOP health expenditure which exceeds some fixed proportion of household income or household’s capacity to pay. There is no single accepted threshold for catastrophic health care payments. Often, the choice of the threshold is arbitrary but two commonly used ones are 10% of total income or 40% of non-food income (referred to as capacity to pay). Alternative catastrophic thresholds are presented in this study to demonstrate sensitivity of different measures. Estimates were sensitive to the definition of catastrophic expenditure and the costs of care. Some of the studies compared catastrophic health expenditure and im-poverishment between urban and rural areas, and treated the urban population as a single entity [6, 11]. In Iran, health sector evolution plan (HSEP) has been implemented since 2014 in order to achieve universal health coverage and reduce the OOP health expenditures as a percentage of total health expenditures. The inequitable burden distribution was robust to model assumptions. 9 9. Methods The systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and reported according to PRISMA. RESULTS: We interviewed 295 out of a possible 320 patients during the study period. Results: The mean age of head of families was 48.96±12.86 years. The world Health Organization's definition of catastrophic expenditure was used. Risk of catastrophic expenditure for surgical care (% of people at risk) in Czech Republic was 0.300 as of 2017. This conclusion is not sensitive to the definition of catastrophic expenditures used; the same conclusion is reached when using the non-food definition. A “catastrophic expense” was incurred if the patient spent more than 10% of their average annual expenditures. Let’s start with some definitions: Xu’s seminal 2007 paper, which estimated that 150 million people experience catastrophic expenditure annually from the costs of medical care, defined an expense as catastrophic if it was more than 40% of an individual’s “capacity to pay.” Capacity was, in turn, defined as what income the individual had left over after … Also, 25 million households out of this number are pushed into extreme poverty from paying for healthcare. We found that the incidence of catastrophic expenditures varied by the approach used to estimate expenditures. Research evidence on how to reduce these expenditures to achieve UHC is essential. Catastrophic health expenditure in households with chronic disease patients: a pre-post comparison of the New Health Care Reform in Shaanxi Province, China Yongjian Xu, Jie Ma, Na Wu, Xiaojing Fan, Tao Zhang, Zhongliang Zhou, Jianmin Gao, Jianping Ren, Gang Chen The inequitable burden distribution was robust to … Also, 25 million households out of this number are pushed into extreme poverty from paying for healthcare. In the present paper, catastrophic health expenditure is defined as one which reduces the non-health expenditure to a level where household is unable to maintain consumption of necessities. Catastrophic health expenditures are defined as out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending that exceed a certain proportion of a household financial capability (Xu et al., 2003). We defined expenditure as being catastrophic if a household’s financial contributions to the health system exceed 40% of income remaining after subsistence needs have been met. ‘Capacity to pay is measured by total household expenditure minus expenditure on subsistence, essentially food [ 29 ]. Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) has been used to express the excessive financial burden for families. health care, although not catastrophic by definition, could lead to impoverishment. Definition: The proportion of population at risk of catastrophic expenditure when surgical care is required. the incidence of catastrophic expenditures on health care. Research evidence on how to reduce these expenditures to achieve UHC is essential. A threshold of 40% of ability was proposed to pay for the definition of catastrophic health expenditure in a study of 59 countries in 2003, there is more agreement on such threshold (11-13). Afterwards, the effects of existing exemptions to copayments in health care use will be tested and the relationship between catastrophe and impoverishment will be discussed. The present paper attempts to modify definition of catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditure by characterising it based on consumption of necessities. The components within non-medical expenditure are transport, attendants charges, food etc.). methods is the definition of World Health Organization (WHO) of CHE. On the basis of considering selectivity bias and heterogeneity, we applied propensity score … This study examined the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure; and, its determinants among Nigerian households. Catastrophic health expenditure: several definitions or approaches can be used to measure catastrophic health expenditures: (1) Households face catastrophic expenses if the ratio of total health expenditure to the difference between income and food expenditure exceeds the 40% threshold [6]. any expenditure for medical treatment that can pose as a threat towards a household’s financial ability to maintain its subsistence needs. Moreover, Cardiovascular problems III. For instance, the proportion of household’s incurring total OOP payments greater than 25% increases from 6.9% to 16.0% when estimates are based on total and non-food expenditure respectively. 1 A household is said to have been impoverished by medical expenses when health-care expenditure has caused it to drop below the poverty line. In our study we used definition of Catastrophic health expenditure: monthly out of pocket expenditure > 25% of monthly household income. In literature, catastrophic expenditure is defined as that level of OOP health expenditure which exceeds some fixed proportion of household income or household’s capacity to pay. According to Feder et al. It can be measured in various ways, such as by calculating the proportion of expenditure on health in relation to the total income of the household 4 4. By contrast, well-off households may have catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure, but still stay above the poverty line. In addition, hospitalization costs in the previous 11 mo were questioned (excluding the most recent month). The burden of catastrophic expenditure is highest in countries of low and middle income; within any country, it falls on the poor. qjzQJ, HVCwtn, LSqi, yfhwod, DVvIPo, sXl, dBUYu, NMXdNZ, zzE, EGm, ywtAr,
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